Data is sent over the internet through packets of information, then translated into bits. When these bits are sent, they can travel through different means, such as routers, switches, satellites, and wires. "Packets travel over communication links (the lines in the below animation), which may be wired (like "cable TV" wires), but include fiber optic cables and wireless satellite communications too. Packets travel through several other computers on a path to a destination." (Section 3.1 - TEC 101: Fundamentals of Information Technology & Literacy | ZyBooks, n.d.) If you wanted to see how fast this information could be sent to a specific IP address, you would use ping, as it would show you the round trip time (RTT). If you wanted to see how the packets were being sent, you would use traceroute as it would show you the number of hops or steps it had to take to get there and the IP address. The ping and traceroutes are different for each website. For example, if you looked at the ping and traceroute for a website hosted nearby, it would look much faster on the RTT and hop times compared to a website hosted overseas. These packets would have to travel much further and take more hops to reach that website overseas. In conclusion, you will see longer round trip times if the geographical location is further from you.
Pings and traceroutes commands can be used to troubleshoot website connection issues. The ping can show you if the website is reachable, and the traceroute can show you where it failed along the route. If your ping request or traceroute command times out, it is possible that the device at the IP address that is trying to be reached is not powered on or the firewall or network is blocking the packets from being received.
Attached are my Ping and Traceroute for Google.com:
Works Cited:
Section 3.1 - TEC 101: Fundamentals of Information Technology & Literacy | ZyBooks. (n.d.). https://learn.zybooks.com/zybook/TEC101:_Fundamentals_of_Information_Technology_&_Literacy_(TED2507A)/chapter/3/section/1
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